Hello everyone;
Many of us use calculator for different purposes everyday. As programmer we should be able to create our own calculator. Now, in this blog you we come to know how you could create your own calculator. Also in this calculator you can add many more function as your wish.
Before going into the project you need to know about python and tkinter module in python. We know python is a programming language. Tkinter is standard GUI(Graphical user interface) package. Tkinter is Python's default GUI module and it is most commonly used.
These are the following steps to be consider before starting the project:-
1) Python should be installed in your device. To install python CLICK HERE.
2) After the installation python you have to install and IDE(Integrated Development Environment).Their are many free IDE's are available in the internet like Pycharm, visual Studio, sublime text etc. Out of which I believe Pycharm is the best IDE for python programming language.
3) After installation of the IDE. Create a new project and a file by the name "My Calculator".
4) Tkinter is default module in python. If you are facing any issues while importing the tkinter module. You can type command as follow in the python terminal.
pip install tkinter
Before Going into our main project Let' s learn few important topics used in tkinter module:
Tkinter provides various controls, such as buttons ,text and labels used in GUI application. These controls are called as widgets. Some of the important widgets used while doing our projects are :-
1) Button :- The Button widget is used to display buttons in your GUI application.
2) Entry :- The Entry widget is used to display a single-line text field for accepting values from the user.
3) Frame :- This very import widget .Frame widget is used to organize other widgets.
4) Label:- The Label widget is used to provide caption for other widget.
5)Menu :- The Menu widget is used to provide various commands to a user. All these commands are contained in menu button.
Some ATTRIBUTES we use are:-
1) Dimension
2) Colors
3) Font
4) Relief
For organizing we use GEOMETRY MANGEMENT methods. Some of them are:-
1) The pack() method - This geometry manager organizes widgets in blocks before placing them in the parent widget.
2) The grid() method :- This geometry manager organizes widgets in a table-like structure the parent widget.
3) The place() method:- This geometry manager organizes widgets by placing them in a specific position in the parent widget.
LET'S BEGIN OR PROJECT-1 "STANDARD AND SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR".
1) The First Step we have to do import required modules. We have to import tkinter, tkmessagebox and math module.
# IMPORTING REQUIRED MODULES #
from tkinter import * # IMPORT EVERYTHING FROM TKINTER MODULE
import tkinter.messagebox # IMPORTING MESSAGE BOX
import math as m # IMPORTING MATH MODULE
2) The next step is to create GUI window with some required configuration and run with main loop. The configuration include geometry, font, etc.
# CREATING GUI APPLICATION WINDOW #
root = Tk()
font = ('Times', 24,'bold italic') # FONT NAME, SIZE AND SHAPE
root.title("Scientific Calculator") # TITLE OF WINDOW
root.geometry("466x600") # WIDTH AND HEIGHT
root.resizable(width=False, height=False) # STOP RESIZING
# MAIN LOOP #
root.mainloop() 
3) After creating window Our next Step is to create Frame for Calculator. Were we can
arrange our required widgets.
# CREATING FRAME FOR CALCULATOR #
calci = Frame(root)
calci.configure(background="gray35") # BACKGROUND OF FRAME
calci.grid() # PACK IN GRID(TABLE LIKE STRUCTURE)
# QUIT FUNCTION TO QUIT FROM WINDOW #
def iQuit():
iQuit = tkinter.messagebox.askyesno("Scientific Calculator",
" Confirm if you want to exit from calculator?")
if iQuit >0:
root.destroy()
return
# FUNCTION TO OPEN SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
def Scientific():
root.resizable(width=False, height=False)
root.geometry("780x660")
# FUNCTION TO OPEN STANDARD CALCULATOR
def Standard():
root.resizable(width=False, height=False)
root.geometry("466x640")
# CREATE MENUBAR #
menubar = Menu(calci)
typesmenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
menubar.add_cascade(label= "Types", menu=typesmenu)
typesmenu.add_command(label="Standard",command=Standard)
typesmenu.add_command(label="Scientific",command=Scientific)
typesmenu.add_separator()
typesmenu.add_command(label="QUIT", command=iQuit)
root.config(menu=menubar)
image with messagebox:-
4) Now we have to create Dispaly using Entry widget. Where we can get our input and get our output:-
display = Entry(calci, font=font, bg="gray56",bd=30, width=25, justify=RIGHT) # CREATE ENTRY WIDGET
display.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=1, padx=3)
5) Now we will create required functions which are needed :-
# ADDING FUNCTION TO THE BUTTON #
def click_fun(event):
b= event.widget
text = b["text"] # TEXT ON THE BUTTON WILL BE TAKEN
data = display.get() # TEXT WILL BE STORED IN VARIABLE DATA
ans =''
if text =='^':
display.insert(END,"**") # IN PLACE OF '^' '**'IS IMPLEMENTED
return
if text == '=': # GIVE THE RESULT OF THE EQUATION
try:
answ = eval(data) # EVALUTE WHATEVER TYPED ON THE SCREEN
display.delete(0,END) # DELETE THE DATA PREVIOUS ONE
display.insert(0,answ) # ANS IS INSERTED
except Exception as e:
display.delete(0,END)
display.insert(0,e) # THE ERROR WILL BE DISPLAYED
return
display.insert(END,text)
if text == 'sqrt':
ans = str(m.sqrt(float(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text =="rad":
ans = str(m.radians(float(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'sin':
ans = str(m.sin(m.radians(float(data))))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'deg':
ans = str(m.degrees(float(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'cos':
ans = str(m.cos(m.radians(float(data))))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'tan':
ans = str(m.tan(m.radians(float(data))))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'fact':
ans = str(m.factorial(int(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'sinh':
ans = str(m.sinh(int(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'cosh':
ans = str(m.cosh(float(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'tanh':
ans = str(m.tanh(float(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'pi':
ans = str(float(m.pi) *float(data))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'log':
ans = str(float(m.log10(float(data))))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text== 'ln':
ans = str(float(m.log(float(data))))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text=='log2':
ans = str(float(m.log2(float(data))))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'e':
ans = str(float(m.e) * float(data))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
# BACKWARD KEY IT DELETES THE LAST LETTER #
def clear():
data = display.get()
legth= len(data)-1
display.delete(legth,END)
# CLEAR ALL #
def allclear():
display.delete(0,END)
6) Our next step is to Create button from1-9 using loop and giving required command , fonts to it.
# LOOP TO CREATE BUTTONS FROM 1-9 #
numbers = "789456123"
i = 0
button =[]
for j in range(2, 5):
for k in range(3):
button.append(Button(calci, width= 3, height=2, font=font,bg="gray17",fg="cyan", bd=4, text=numbers[i]))
button[i].grid(row=j, column=k, pady=1)
button[i].bind('<Button-1>',click_fun)
i +=1
7) Now we need to add reaming buttons in their respective positions.
# OTHER BUTTONS WITH THEIR FUNCTIONS #
btnClear = Button(calci, text= "C",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,
bg="orange",command=clear).grid(row=1, column=0, pady=1)
AllClear =Button(calci, text= "CE",width=6, height=1, font=font, bd=4,
bg="red",command=allclear).grid(row=1, column=1, pady=1)
pwr = Button(calci, text= "^",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="slateblue")
pwr.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun) # Bind widget to add funtion when pressed
pwr.grid(row=1, column=2, pady=1)
plus = Button(calci, text= "+",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4, bg="blue")
plus.bind('<Button>',click_fun)
plus.grid(row=1, column=3, pady=1)
minus =Button(calci, text= "-",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bg="blue",bd=4)
minus.bind('<Button-1>',click_fun)
minus.grid(row=2, column=3, pady=1)
multi = Button(calci, text= "*",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="blue")
multi.bind('<Button-1>',click_fun)
multi.grid(row=3, column=3, pady=1)
div = Button(calci, text= "/",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4, bg="blue")
div.bind('<Button-1>',click_fun)
div.grid(row=4, column=3, pady=1)
dot =Button(calci, text= ".",width=3, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="magenta")
dot.bind('<Button-1>',click_fun)
dot.grid(row=5, column=0, pady=1)
zero = Button(calci, text= "0",width= 3, height=2,bg="gray12",fg="cyan", font=font, bd=4)
zero.bind('<Button-1>',click_fun)
zero.grid(row=5, column=1, pady=1)
sqrt =Button(calci, text= "sqrt",width= 3, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="magenta")
sqrt.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
sqrt.grid(row=5, column=2, pady=1)
equal = Button(calci, text= "=",width= 5, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="green2")
equal.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
equal.grid(row=5, column=3, pady=1)
#================================================#
sin = Button(calci, text= "sin",width= 4, height=1, fg="green2", font=font, bd=4, bg="gray36")
sin.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
sin.grid(row=1, column=4, pady=1)
cos = Button(calci, text= "cos",width= 4, height=1,fg="green2", font=font, bd=4,bg="thistle")
cos.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
cos.grid(row=2, column=4, pady=1)
tan = Button(calci, text= "tan",width= 4, height=1, font=font,fg="green2", bd=4,bg="DarkOrchid")
tan.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
tan.grid(row=3, column=4, pady=1)
deg = Button(calci, text= "deg",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,fg="green2",bg="VioletRed")
deg.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
deg.grid(row=4, column=4, pady=1)
fact = Button(calci, text= "fact",width= 4, height=1, font=font,fg="green2", bd=4,bg="cyan")
fact.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
fact.grid(row=5, column=4, pady=1)
rad = Button(calci, text= "rad",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="Hotpink")
rad.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
rad.grid(row=1, column=5, pady=1, padx=20)
sinh =Button(calci, text= "sinh",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="DarkOrange")
sinh.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
sinh.grid(row=2, column=5, pady=1)
cosh = Button(calci, text= "cosh",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="tomato")
cosh.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
cosh.grid(row=3, column=5, pady=1)
tanh = Button(calci, text= "tanh",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="wheat")
tanh.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
tanh.grid(row=4, column=5, pady=1)
ex = Button(calci, text= "e",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="tan")
ex.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
ex.grid(row=5, column=5, pady=1)
pi = Button(calci, text= "pi",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="ivory2")
pi.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
pi.grid(row=1, column=6, pady=1, padx=10)
log= Button(calci, text= "log",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="sienna")
log.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
log.grid(row=2, column=6, pady=1)
ln = Button(calci, text= "ln",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="goldenrod")
ln.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
ln.grid(row=3, column=6, pady=1)
log2= Button(calci, text= "log2",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="yellow")
log2.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
log2.grid(row=4, column=6, pady=1)
comm= Button(calci, text= ",",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="coral")
comm.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
comm.grid(row=5, column=6, pady=1)
After runnin this code we will get required outputs;
FULL CODE
# IMPORTING REQUIRED MODULES #
from tkinter import * # IMPORT EVERYTHING FROM TKINTER MODULE
import tkinter.messagebox # IMPORTING MESSAGE BOX
import math as m # IMPORTING MATH MODULE
# CREATING GUI APPLICATION WINDOW #
root = Tk()
font = ('Times', 24,'bold italic') # FONT NAME, SIZE AND SHAPE
root.title("Scientific Calculator") # TITLE OF WINDOW
root.geometry("466x600") # WIDTH AND HEIGHT
root.resizable(width=False, height=False) # STOP RESIZING
# CREATING FRAME FOR CALCULATOR #
calci = Frame(root)
calci.configure(background="gray35") # BACKGROUND OF FRAME
calci.grid() # PACK IN GRID(TABLE LIKE STRUCTURE)
display = Entry(calci, font=font, bg="gray56",bd=30, width=25, justify=RIGHT) # CREATE ENTRY WIDGET
display.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=1, padx=3)
# ADDING FUNCTION TO THE BUTTON #
def click_fun(event):
b= event.widget
text = b["text"] # TEXT ON THE BUTTON WILL BE TAKEN
data = display.get() # TEXT WILL BE STORED IN VARIABLE DATA
ans =''
if text =='^':
display.insert(END,"**") # IN PLACE OF '^' '**'IS IMPLEMENTED
return
if text == '=': # GIVE THE RESULT OF THE EQUATION
try:
answ = eval(data) # EVALUTE WHATEVER TYPED ON THE SCREEN
display.delete(0,END) # DELETE THE DATA PREVIOUS ONE
display.insert(0,answ) # ANS IS INSERTED
except Exception as e:
display.delete(0,END)
display.insert(0,e) # THE ERROR WILL BE DISPLAYED
return
display.insert(END,text)
if text == 'sqrt':
ans = str(m.sqrt(float(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text =="rad":
ans = str(m.radians(float(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'sin':
ans = str(m.sin(m.radians(float(data))))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'deg':
ans = str(m.degrees(float(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'cos':
ans = str(m.cos(m.radians(float(data))))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'tan':
ans = str(m.tan(m.radians(float(data))))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'fact':
ans = str(m.factorial(int(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'sinh':
ans = str(m.sinh(int(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'cosh':
ans = str(m.cosh(float(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'tanh':
ans = str(m.tanh(float(data)))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'pi':
ans = str(float(m.pi) *float(data))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'log':
ans = str(float(m.log10(float(data))))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text== 'ln':
ans = str(float(m.log(float(data))))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text=='log2':
ans = str(float(m.log2(float(data))))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
elif text == 'e':
ans = str(float(m.e) * float(data))
display.delete(0, END)
display.insert(0, ans)
# BACKWARD KEY IT DELETES THE LAST LETTER #
def clear():
data = display.get()
legth= len(data)-1
display.delete(legth,END)
# CLEAR ALL #
def allclear():
display.delete(0,END)
# LOOP TO CREATE BUTTONS FROM 1-9 #
numbers = "789456123"
i = 0
button =[]
for j in range(2, 5):
for k in range(3):
button.append(Button(calci, width= 3, height=2, font=font,bg="gray17",fg="cyan", bd=4, text=numbers[i]))
button[i].grid(row=j, column=k, pady=1)
button[i].bind('<Button-1>',click_fun)
i +=1
# OTHER BUTTONS WITH THEIR FUNCTIONS #
btnClear = Button(calci, text= "C",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,
bg="orange",command=clear).grid(row=1, column=0, pady=1)
AllClear =Button(calci, text= "CE",width=6, height=1, font=font, bd=4,
bg="red",command=allclear).grid(row=1, column=1, pady=1)
pwr = Button(calci, text= "^",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="slateblue")
pwr.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun) # Bind widget to add funtion when pressed
pwr.grid(row=1, column=2, pady=1)
plus = Button(calci, text= "+",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4, bg="blue")
plus.bind('<Button>',click_fun)
plus.grid(row=1, column=3, pady=1)
minus =Button(calci, text= "-",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bg="blue",bd=4)
minus.bind('<Button-1>',click_fun)
minus.grid(row=2, column=3, pady=1)
multi = Button(calci, text= "*",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="blue")
multi.bind('<Button-1>',click_fun)
multi.grid(row=3, column=3, pady=1)
div = Button(calci, text= "/",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4, bg="blue")
div.bind('<Button-1>',click_fun)
div.grid(row=4, column=3, pady=1)
dot =Button(calci, text= ".",width=3, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="magenta")
dot.bind('<Button-1>',click_fun)
dot.grid(row=5, column=0, pady=1)
zero = Button(calci, text= "0",width= 3, height=2,bg="gray12",fg="cyan", font=font, bd=4)
zero.bind('<Button-1>',click_fun)
zero.grid(row=5, column=1, pady=1)
sqrt =Button(calci, text= "sqrt",width= 3, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="magenta")
sqrt.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
sqrt.grid(row=5, column=2, pady=1)
equal = Button(calci, text= "=",width= 5, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="green2")
equal.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
equal.grid(row=5, column=3, pady=1)
#================================================#
sin = Button(calci, text= "sin",width= 4, height=1, fg="green2", font=font, bd=4, bg="gray36")
sin.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
sin.grid(row=1, column=4, pady=1)
cos = Button(calci, text= "cos",width= 4, height=1,fg="green2", font=font, bd=4,bg="thistle")
cos.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
cos.grid(row=2, column=4, pady=1)
tan = Button(calci, text= "tan",width= 4, height=1, font=font,fg="green2", bd=4,bg="DarkOrchid")
tan.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
tan.grid(row=3, column=4, pady=1)
deg = Button(calci, text= "deg",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,fg="green2",bg="VioletRed")
deg.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
deg.grid(row=4, column=4, pady=1)
fact = Button(calci, text= "fact",width= 4, height=1, font=font,fg="green2", bd=4,bg="cyan")
fact.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
fact.grid(row=5, column=4, pady=1)
rad = Button(calci, text= "rad",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="Hotpink")
rad.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
rad.grid(row=1, column=5, pady=1, padx=20)
sinh =Button(calci, text= "sinh",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="DarkOrange")
sinh.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
sinh.grid(row=2, column=5, pady=1)
cosh = Button(calci, text= "cosh",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="tomato")
cosh.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
cosh.grid(row=3, column=5, pady=1)
tanh = Button(calci, text= "tanh",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="wheat")
tanh.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
tanh.grid(row=4, column=5, pady=1)
ex = Button(calci, text= "e",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="tan")
ex.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
ex.grid(row=5, column=5, pady=1)
pi = Button(calci, text= "pi",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="ivory2")
pi.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
pi.grid(row=1, column=6, pady=1, padx=10)
log= Button(calci, text= "log",width= 4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="sienna")
log.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
log.grid(row=2, column=6, pady=1)
ln = Button(calci, text= "ln",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="goldenrod")
ln.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
ln.grid(row=3, column=6, pady=1)
log2= Button(calci, text= "log2",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="yellow")
log2.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
log2.grid(row=4, column=6, pady=1)
comm= Button(calci, text= ",",width=4, height=1, font=font, bd=4,bg="coral")
comm.bind("<Button-1>",click_fun)
comm.grid(row=5, column=6, pady=1)
# QUIT FUNCTION TO QUIT FROM WINDOW #
def iQuit():
iQuit = tkinter.messagebox.askyesno("Scientific Calculator",
" Confirm if you want to exit from calculator?")
if iQuit >0:
root.destroy()
return
# FUNCTION TO OPEN SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
def Scientific():
root.resizable(width=False, height=False)
root.geometry("780x660")
# FUNCTION TO OPEN STANDARD CALCULATOR
def Standard():
root.resizable(width=False, height=False)
root.geometry("466x640")
# CREATE MENUBAR #
menubar = Menu(calci)
typesmenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
menubar.add_cascade(label= "Types", menu=typesmenu)
typesmenu.add_command(label="Standard",command=Standard)
typesmenu.add_command(label="Scientific",command=Scientific)
typesmenu.add_separator()
typesmenu.add_command(label="QUIT", command=iQuit)
root.config(menu=menubar)
# MAIN LOOP #
root.mainloop()
OUTPUT:-
STANDARD CALCULATOR:-
SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR:-
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